The glossary gives the meaning used in this report. Translations are intended to support reading rather than impose a universal terminology standard. Some fields use alternative Chinese terms, especially for entity resolution, grounding, and reasoning. When a term has several meanings, the report states the relevant setting in the surrounding text.
| English term | 中文术语 | Meaning in this report |
|---|---|---|
| Knowledge graph | 知识图谱 | An explicit representation of entities, relationships, and interpretable context. |
| Entity | 实体 | A referent that the system identifies persistently. |
| Mention | 提及 | A source expression that may refer to an entity. |
| Canonical entity | 规范实体 | The current shared representation to which source mentions are linked. |
| Relation | 关系 | A named connection with a defined meaning and direction. |
| Triple | 三元组 | A subject, predicate, and object statement. |
| Schema | 模式 | The categories, relationships, and constraints available to the model. |
| Ontology | 本体 | An explicit conceptual model that may include formal logical commitments. |
| Taxonomy | 分类体系 | A hierarchy organizing categories. |
| Competency question | 能力问题 | A question the modeled knowledge must be able to answer. |
| Provenance | 溯源 | Information about sources, activities, and responsibility behind a record. |
| Valid time | 有效时间 | The interval when a statement applies in the modeled world. |
| Transaction time | 记录时间 | When the information entered or changed in the system. |
| Named entity recognition | 命名实体识别 | Detection and classification of named text spans. |
| Entity linking | 实体链接 | Mapping a mention to a known entity or leaving it unresolved. |
| Entity resolution | 实体消歧与归一 | Reconciling identities across records and sources. |
| Coreference resolution | 共指消解 | Identifying expressions that share a referent in context. |
| Relation extraction | 关系抽取 | Recovering source expressed relations and essential qualifiers. |
| Knowledge fusion | 知识融合 | Combining source records while handling identity and conflict. |
| Labeled property graph | 标签属性图 | Nodes and typed relationships with attached properties. |
| RDF | 资源描述框架 | A standardized graph data model based on triples. |
| SPARQL | RDF 查询语言 | A language for querying RDF data and related operations. |
| OWL | Web 本体语言 | A family of ontology constructs with formal semantics. |
| SHACL | 形状约束语言 | A language for specifying validation constraints on RDF graphs. |
| Open world assumption | 开放世界假设 | Missing statements need not be false. |
| Closed world assumption | 封闭世界假设 | Absence is treated as false within a specified complete scope. |
| Entailment | 逻辑蕴涵 | A conclusion follows under the declared semantics and premises. |
| Deduction | 演绎推理 | Deriving consequences from premises and rules. |
| Induction | 归纳推理 | Learning general patterns from observations. |
| Abduction | 溯因推理 | Seeking plausible explanations for observations. |
| Causal inference | 因果推断 | Reasoning about interventions using explicit causal assumptions. |
| Graph projection | 图投影 | A selected or transformed graph used for a particular computation. |
| PageRank | 页面排名算法 | A stationary distribution under a random walk with teleportation. |
| Community detection | 社区发现 | Grouping nodes according to a structural objective. |
| Knowledge graph embedding | 知识图谱嵌入 | Numerical entity and relation representations used for scoring or learning. |
| Graph neural network | 图神经网络 | A learned model that combines information through graph structure. |
| Link prediction | 链接预测 | Ranking candidate missing relationships under a model. |
| Calibration | 校准 | Agreement between predicted confidence and observed correctness. |
| Retrieval augmented generation | 检索增强生成 | Generating an answer conditioned on retrieved external information. |
| GraphRAG | 图谱检索增强生成 | A family of retrieval and generation designs using graph structure. |
| Grounding | 证据支撑 | Connecting an output to the information used to support it. |
| Faithfulness | 忠实性 | Whether an output accurately reflects its supplied evidence. |
| Agent | 智能体 | A system selecting and executing actions toward a task. |
| Typed tool | 类型化工具 | An operation with structured inputs, outputs, and an enforced contract. |
| Idempotency | 幂等性 | Repeating an operation avoids unintended additional effects. |
| Data leakage | 数据泄漏 | Evaluation information improperly influences training or design. |
| Distribution shift | 分布漂移 | Deployment data differ from the conditions used to build or test a model. |
| Abstention | 暂不判断 | Withholding a conclusion when the required evidence is insufficient. |
| Snapshot | 数据快照 | A coherent identified version of the data used by a query or analysis. |
| Truth maintenance | 真值维护 | Tracking derivations so conclusions can be revised when support changes. |